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Isaiah 53, or Isaiah 52:13-53:12, taken from the Book of Isaiah, is the last of the four Songs of the Suffering Servant, and tells the story of a "Man of Sorrows" or "God's Suffering Servant". Jewish scripture in through describes the servant of the Lord as the Nation of Israel itself: ''"My Servant..."'' (), ''"... a man of pains and accustomed to illness ... "'' (). "The theme of Isaiah is jubilation, a song of celebration at the imminent end of the Babylonian Captivity". Judaism sees this passage, especially "God's Suffering Servant", being written over 2500 years ago, without a reference to the king Mashiach. Jewish teaching also does take note of the historical context in which God's Suffering Servant appears, particularly because it speaks in the past tense. The Jewish nation has borne unspeakable injustices, under Assyria, Babylonia, Ancient Greece, ancient Rome, Nazi Germany, which are all gone, and bears persecution and targeted mission to this day.〔 Jewish scripture in Isaiah speaks in the light, when it says: :''"From imprisonment and from judgment he is taken, …'' :''"… and his generation who shall tell? …'' :''"… For he was cut off from the land of the living; …'' :''"… because of the transgression of my people, a plague befell them." (53:8. JPR)''〔Judaica Press Complete Tanach with Rashi 〕〔(From time mark 20:00 on, see also the Hebrew/English subtitles and citations:) 〕 :''"… with his knowledge My servant would vindicate the just for many, and their iniquities he would bear."(53:11 JPR)''〔 :''"Israel is my Servant …" (41:8)'' :''"You are My witnesses says the Lord, and My Servant whom I have chosen …" (43:10)''〔 Many Christians believe the "Man of Sorrows" or the "Suffering Servant" to be a reference to the christological prophecy of the Ministry of Jesus, which became a common theme in medieval and later Christian art. The passage of 'Isaiah 53' is known for its interpretation and use by Christian Theologians and Missionaries, many of whom identify the servant to be Christ Jesus. Many Christians view the entire chapter, and particularly this passage to refer to the Passion of Christ as well as the absolution of sins believed to be made possible by his sacrificial death.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=grebeweb )〕 :''"He was taken from prison and from judgment: ...'' :''... and who shall declare his generation? ...'' :''... for he was cut off out of the land of the living: ...'' :''... for the transgression of my people was he stricken." (53:8 KJV)'' ==Fourth servant song== The servant songs were first identified by Bernhard Duhm in his 1892 commentary on Isaiah. The songs are four poems taken from the Book of Isaiah written about a certain "servant of YHWH". God calls the servant to lead the nations, but the servant is horribly repressed. In the end, he is rewarded. The fourth of the "servant songs" begins at Isaiah 52:13, continuing through 53:12 where it continues the discussion of the suffering servant. There is also a rather clear identification for the "servant" within this song. In the context of its surrounding verses, and , one can deduce that the song refers to the Nation of Israel, rather not to an individual. Although, as Franz Delitzsch has noted in his commentary on Isaiah, there is not a consensus even amongst the Midrashim on whether The Servant is a reference to the Messiah or to Israel. It is argued that the "servant" represents the nation of Israel, which would bear excessive iniquities, pogroms, blood libels, anti-judaism, antisemitism and continue to suffer without cause () on behalf of others (Isaiah 53:7,11–12). Early on, the servant of the Lord is promised to prosper and "be very high". The following evaluation of the Servant by the "many nations, kings", and "we" is quite negative, though, and bridges over to their self-accusation and repentance after verse 4 ("our"). Then, the Servant is vindicated by God, "because he bared his soul unto death". On the other hand, it is argued that the "servant" in this song might be an individual. And because of the references to sufferings, many Christians believe this song, along with the rest of the servant songs, to be among the Christian-messianic prophecies of Jesus. The anti-missionary rabbi Tovia Singer argues, by textual analysis, that the "suffering servant" of Isaiah 52:13 through 53:12 is not referencing an individual Christ Jesus. :''"For he was cut off from the land of the living; because of the transgression of my people, a plague befell them...." (53:8 Judaica Press Complete Tanach)''〔 :''"For he was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he stricken...." (53:8 King James Version)''〔 The word ''servant'' is used 23 times in the book. 19 in chapters 41 to 53. Israel/Jacob is called the servant at least 11 times: the first 2 in chapter 41. Servant is used 4 times in the previous 40 chapters referring to Isaiah, Eliakim, servants in general, and David. Many of these verses such as 43:10 You are My witnesses, said the Lord, and My servant whom I have chosen, 44:21 You are My servant Israel, 49:3 You are My servant Israel, and others, clearly show the nation referred to by the singular "servant". The word messiah ("anointed one") is found twice, referring to Cyrus , and in chapter . The word "servants" is used 9 times in chapters 54 to 66. Prior to ch 54 it is last used in ch 37. All 9 references in ch. 54 to 66 are to Israel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Isaiah 53」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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